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41.
42.
Imad A. Farhat Juliane Protzmann Antje Becker Baltasar Valls‐Pmies Roger Neale Sandra E. Hill 《Starch - St?rke》2001,53(9):431-436
The effect of starch conversion on the susceptibility of potato granules to α‐amylase was studied by direct sampling at different pasting times corresponding to different points on the RVA profile of a 6.4% (w/w) suspension of starch in distilled water. Native granules showed high resistance to α‐amylase with 8.6 ± 0.4% digestibility for a 6 h incubation period with the enzyme. When the suspension was heated to 60 °C, the digestibility increased to 53.5 ± 0.7% although, at this temperature, there was still no noticeable increase in the measured viscosity (≤0.040 Pa · s). The material sampled after a pasting time corresponding to the RVA peak viscosity showed a digestibility of 88.4 ± 0.5%. This suggested, owing to the expected retrogradation of amylose on cooling, the quasi‐total susceptibility of amylopectin to enzymatic digestion at this pasting stage. The effect of ions on the swelling of potato starch was used to assess whether the decrease of the swelling of the granules in the presence of NaCl was paralleled by an increase in resistance to α‐amylase. A small (∼6.1%) but significant decrease in the digestibility of pasted starch was observed in the presence of salt. Finally, the effect of the retrogradation of the amylopectin fraction on its digestibility was assessed in extruded potato starch ribbons containing 35% (w/w) water and stored at different temperatures. After 14 days of storage, the digestibility decreased from 77.0 ± 0.9% in the freshly extruded samples to between 28.0 ± 1.7% and 42.1 ± 0.3%, depending on the storage temperature. This suggested a measurable difference in the α‐amylase susceptibility between the A and B polymorphs of retrograded amylopectin. 相似文献
43.
Imad Toufeili Youssef Habbal Sossy Shadarevian Ammar Olabi 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1999,79(13):1855-1860
Substitution of starch from barley, corn, oat, potato, rice or sorghum for prime wheat starch in the formulation of Arabic bread resulted in breads with significantly (P < 0.05) different textural attributes from regular wheat bread except for barley starch. Substitution of waxy barley starch (957 g kg−1 amylopectin) for wheat starch (279 g kg−1 amylopectin) resulted in bread that was not significantly different from regular wheat bread when assessed in the fresh state. However, upon aging, the waxy barley starch-containing bread staled at a significantly (P < 0.05) faster rate than regular wheat bread. Breads made with waxy barley starch cross-linked with 50, 200 or 500 ppm phosphorus oxychloride showed higher enthalpy of melting (ΔH) upon aging and staled faster than the bread formulated with waxy barley starch. These findings suggest that amylopectin retrogradation is one of the determinants of Arabic bread staling and that cross-linking promotes recrystallisation of amylopectin, possibly by keeping the polymer chains in close proximity. The rate of staling in breads formulated with cross-linked waxy barley starch decreased with increasing levels of cross-linking, possibly owing to restrictions in the degree of starch swelling. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
44.
Imad A Ahmed Abdul Wahab K Ahmed Richard K Robinson 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1997,74(1):64-68
Segments of fruits from 12 varieties of date (Phoenix dactylifera) and three stages of maturation were inoculated with a toxigenic strain of Aspergillus parasiticus. During growth at 28°C for 10 days, 8 varieties supported appreciable aflatoxin production at the Khalal stage—the most popular stage for direct human consumption, with a maximum value in excess of 300 μg g-1 of fruit. Marked differences in susceptibility to infection and/or aflatoxin production were observed between varieties and/or stage of maturation. It was concluded that toxigenic aspergilli could proliferate on any date fruits that suffered mechanical damage in the field or during harvesting, and hence that such fruits should be considered as likely to be unfit for human or animal consumption. © 1997 SCI. 相似文献
45.
Raphaël T. Leriche Alexandra Palacio-Morales Marco Campetella Cesare Tresca Shunsuke Sasaki Christophe Brun François Debontridder Pascal David Imad Arfaoui Ondrej Šofranko Tomas Samuely Geoffroy Kremer Claude Monney Thomas Jaouen Laurent Cario Matteo Calandra Tristan Cren 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(6):2007706
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) display a rich variety of instabilities such as spin and charge orders, Ising superconductivity, and topological properties. Their physical properties can be controlled by doping in electric double-layer field-effect transistors (FET). However, for the case of single layer NbSe2, FET doping is limited to ≈ 1 × 1014 cm−2, while a somewhat larger charge injection can be obtained via deposition of K atoms. Here, by performing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, quasiparticle interference measurements, and first-principles calculations it is shown that a misfit compound formed by sandwiching NbSe2 and LaSe layers behaves as a NbSe2 single layer with a rigid doping of 0.55–0.6 electrons per Nb atom or ≈ 6 × 1014 cm−2. Due to this huge doping, the 3 × 3 charge density wave is replaced by a 2 × 2 order with very short coherence length. As a tremendous number of different misfit compounds can be obtained by sandwiching TMDs layers with rock salt or other layers, this work paves the way to the exploration of heavily doped 2D TMDs over an unprecedented wide range of doping. 相似文献
46.
Varadarajan Vijayakumar Neelanarayanan Venkataraman Doyle Ron Al-Shaikhli Imad Fakhri Groppe Sven 《Mobile Networks and Applications》2019,24(4):1135-1138
Mobile Networks and Applications - 相似文献
47.
Imad Khlifi Octavian Pop Jean-Christophe Dupré Pascal Doumalin Marc Huger 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2019,39(13):3893-3902
Industrial magnesia-spinel bricks destined for thermal shock applications often show more flexibility and improved crack growth resistance. Components from the spinel structure group are usually added to promote microcracking coming from thermal expansion mismatch. This leads to the development of toughening mechanisms that are very effective in improving the crack propagation resistance.Magnesia-hercynite composites were investigated in order to highlight their fracture process, with regard to their microstructure, by using Digital Image Correlation (DIC). The direct measurement of displacement fields between digital images of the reference state and the deformed one has provided valuable information on material deformation during loading. The aim of this work was to investigate the fracture behaviour of refractories through the coupling of the Wedge Splitting Test (WST) and DIC. By using a refined DIC process transformation taking into account a discontinuity of displacement, called 2P-DIC, a more effective characterisation of the fracture behaviour was achieved. 相似文献
48.
Imad M. Alatiqi 《加拿大化工杂志》1990,68(4):680-684
New measures for robustness are proposed for linear multivariable control systems. A new theorem is presented to account for the controllability of systems that contain an integrating element, in the presence of additive uncertainties. The theorem leads to the definition of a sufficient condition for robust integral controllability: robustness margin (RM). The ratio of robustness margins for competing control or processs structures can be used to discriminate between these structures. These measures are useful, especially in design stages, since their calculation depends only on steady state information. Applications to several published distillation systems show the merits of these robustness measures. 相似文献
49.
50.
Ternary palladates CdPd3O4 and TlPd3O4 have been studied theoretically using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), modified Becke–Johnson, and spin–orbit coupling (GGA–SOC) exchange–correlation functionals in the density functional theory (DFT) framework. From the calculated ground-state properties, it is found that SOC effects are dominant in these palladates. Mechanical properties reveal that both compounds are ductile in nature. The electronic band structures show that CdPd3O4 is metallic, whereas TlPd3O4 is an indirect-bandgap semiconductor with energy gap of 1.1 eV. The optical properties show that TlPd3O4 is a good dielectric material. The dense electronic states, narrow-gap semiconductor nature, and Seebeck coefficient of TlPd3O4 suggest that it could be used as a good thermoelectric material. The magnetic susceptibility calculated by post-DFT treatment confirmed the paramagnetic behavior of these compounds. 相似文献